Hello Vital MTB Visitor,
We’re conducting a survey and would appreciate your input. Your answers will help Vital and the MTB industry better understand what riders like you want. Survey results will be used to recognize top brands. Make your voice heard!
Five lucky people will be selected at random to win a Vital MTB t-shirt.
Thanks in advance,
The Vital MTB Crew
Sounds like you never worked closely with sales people.
I work in the restaurant industry. The easiest to operate and most profitable bars and restaurants have a small core menu and a few specials to provide new choices for regulars and move soon to be expiring product. Fastfood is a great example of this.
The full service restaurants that do the most sales however have large menus. And it’s not even close. There’s a reason Cheesecake Factory is one of the most successful restaurant brands and is often the top selling full service restaurant in their area. The busiest restaurant I have ever worked for had nearly 250 individual menu items. I had more individual pickups on my one station than the entire menu at the next job I worked at. But we also did more sales off that station than we did at the entire restaurant I worked at next.
So I’d assume maxxis goals is to get more product out there. They have a million options (the vast majority they retain) for the people who want to try things or one specific tread in one or two specific variation. And then at the same time there is always something on discount somewhere for people who just want a decently made and decently performing tire. They want to have plenty of products to fill the wall of your lbs. or so that when you scroll online there is 5 maxxis options to one from continental and two from scwalbe. So every time you are at the lift at the bike park half the bikes or more have a maxxis tire on them. So that product managers can spec exactly what they want on the oe side.
Not necessarily the business model I would go for but if you are willing to do the work there is a lot to be said for pushing to increase revenue at the expense of profit margins. In fact it was essentially the norm forced by post world war 2 tax codes.
I try my best to avoid them.
I'd be keen to try some Newmen stuff if they made it easily available in the US
Plenty of businesses are built on offering consumers maximum choice, Nike, Amazon, the Mexican restaurant down the street, etc. Optionality can be a real value-add in the right space with the right execution. But more often than not, neither is the case.
You're right the Cheesecake Factory is a successful business. But compare it to a food service company like Chipotle (who has a simple menu), and the gap is massive. Cheesecake is worth $2.5B with 2–3% net margins; Chipotle is worth $60B with 12–14% margins. Sure, multiple factors contribute to that difference, but menu simplicity is undoubtedly one of them.
In smaller companies especially in industries like cycling, there are hidden costs to expanding SKU count. If the customer gets something truly better, it's worth it. If not, it’s just a tax. Worse, too many options can lead to paralysis by analysis, hurting the buying experience.
It's hard to “kill your babies.” Putting on the Rick Rubin hat and deciding what makes your product catalog exceptional, and what drags it down, takes guts. The lazy approach is to offer everything and see what sticks. The bold approach requires real product intuition or sharp analytical judgment, with the understanding you could be wrong. Offering a ton of products is often a hedge. You might survive that way, but you probably won’t thrive - but of course the devil is (always) in the details...
Cheers!
I agree. To add color to the comparison of Cheesecake, Chipotle, and Maxxis – the latter is a manufacturer that takes raw material and run production processes to produces tires. Unit economics for a production factory is not governed by traditional wisdom and using Maxxis as a counterpoint for reducing the number of choices offered to the customer by a small business is a bit of an apples to oranges comparison.
Factories, amongst other things, seek to reduce waste in the production process. When manufacturing items like tires, there is raw resource that is transformed into a product thru some process that involves mixing or blending. A common question in this setting might be “Given the resources on hand, manufacturing costs, and consumer demand, which products (and what quantity) should we produce.” As bulletbass man mentioned WWII, the math for these sort of factory operations boomed in the WWII era (operations research, for those interested).
In these settings, it may be computed as “cheaper” to produce a set of products regardless of demand, because otherwise the resource used would turn to waste and/or incur cost (factories, machinery, FTE, storage, etc). Hence, other manufacturing companies like 3M and Dupont may have extremely large SKU counts – but that does not discount the advice on focusing product offerings to better match customer wants/needs.
I could go on further but I don’t want to put anyone to sleep – at the end of the day, profitable factories are able to increase SKU because their engineering ability allows them the flexibility and efficiency to create focused products that answer customer needs at prices customers are willing to pay. SKU count is a function of that ability, not a key feature of their business.
I agree 1000%. I always give the example of In-N-Out vs. Jack in the Box. One of these companies offers very few choices, is always busy, and is exploding with business. The other company offers burgers, tacos, salads, breakfast sandwiches, pancakes, desserts, fried chicken, lattes, burritos, is always empty, and is closing locations. Companies should work hard to avoid being Jack in the Box. As Ron Swanson famously said, "Never half ass two things. Whole ass one thing."
A brief thought about Cheesecake Factory and Maxxis: these are great examples of the other side of the coin, but it takes ENORMOUS scale to make it profitable to offer that many choices. If you are smaller than GIGANTIC, you would do better to focus on core products and not spread yourself too thin. There are too many companies that aren't lean and mean like Frameworks and also aren't huge and diversified like Maxxis, and that middle ground can be a no mans land. A lot of extra work, not a lot of margin, and a lot of SKU's to juggle and potentially get stuck with if and when macro trends change.
Love this...and now I'm hungry.
Just to play devil’s advocate to my own thinking, we’re distilling a complex system like business success into a single-variable analysis: SKU count. That’s a risky oversimplification that can easily distort reality. Of course, there are companies with massive SKU catalogs that do well, and others with tight SKU discipline that still fail. But if you were to try and analyze success vs sku count (say, by measuring net margin), especially in businesses under $100 million, I’d bet you'd see a clear pattern: fewer SKUs typically lead to better margins - and better margins tends to lead to higher success rates.
Obviously, many factors influence this. Business model, product category, position in the supply chain, customer type, geographic market, and access to capital all matter. In this case, we're mostly talking about bicycle companies. That usually means you're somewhere in a complex, often brittle supply chain, selling an elastic good to a price-sensitive, trend-driven consumer. If we were evaluating a company like 3M or McMaster, the calculus would look entirely different.
Even with exceptions like Maxxis or Shimano, I’d argue there's value in SKU reduction. Just because a company can expand its product line doesn't mean it should. Take Maxxis as an example. They offer 26 mountain bike tires, not counting all the variations in width, diameter, bead, compound, and sidewall. It’s honestly overwhelming. That level of optionality creates real cost and operational complexity. That cost eventually hits the consumer and may even suppress revenue if prices creep up too far for a wear item. In my limited time doing product based profitability analysis work, I've often found a pareto distribution where 20% (or even 10%) of the company's offerings accounts for 80-90% of the revenue.
Maybe Maxxis has modeled all of this and found their ideal SKU mix. But I’d bet they could meaningfully reduce costs by trimming the fat, doubling down on what the market truly wants, and eliminating low-margin SKUs that hardly move. They might even pass some of the savings on to the customer and move more volume. That’s the kind of optimization where data science and business intuition intersect, and it's far from easy.
But again, Maxxis is an outlier for the purposes of this conversation; they are one of the few true real deal manufacturing companies (Cheng Shin Rubber), and they also deal with one of the least elastic goods on a bicycle (or motorcycle, automobile etc). They can operate in a way that only a handful of other companies in the outdoor industry can operate.
"i'll have an animal style crab link"
I do believe Maxxis has trimmed the SKU count a little, harder and harder to find a 50c gravel tires. Might be a product of being in Canada and the distribution model where we don’t buy Maxxis direct.
Personally I’d say Trek is the worst offender for SKU count in the bike industry. 40 bike models on average 5 different build options with 5 sizes available in 4 or 5 colour variations of each model and build. Plus accessories, parts and soft goods.
I agree on premise. The point I was trying to make in a previous post is that it’s not appropriate to compare the business models of Maxxis and Chipotle wrt SKU count.
In manufacturing/factory business models there is cost associated with producing a good AND not producing a good – both from a financial metric and a game-theoretic perspective. This can lead to production recommendations that are not intuitive to those unfamiliar with manufacturing calculus, but still translate to higher profit. I.e. when waste cost is high or when competition for material (pricing) is high. This sort of data science paired with business intuition has taken many names over the years and has grown to encompass many fields, from operations research, industrial engineering, management science, decision science etc all of which have foundations in math, stats, and cs. The math is mature and the underlying problems are well defined and analytical.
The manufacturing comparison is interesting though, and I believe the SKU reduction recommendation still holds. Consider 3m and their adhesives. 3m has a large SKU count of adhesives but each SKU serves a specific use case. If you are a potential customer looking to bond a specifically porous material, in a specific humidity and temperature range, the feasible set of SKUs that solve your need will be very small. So although SKU count at a company like 3m is large, each SKU is very focused i.e. there is no SKU bloat for SKU bloat sake.
But I digress, or rather back on topic, I would expect those companies with flexibility to scale their manufacturing and operations to meet current demand to do better than those who “bet the house” on the latest trend. I believe there is a famous quote about how low tide exposes those who’ve been swimming naked, but it escapes me at the moment.
p.s. for those interested in some manufacturing math, prompt your favorite LLM with something like “generate a stochastic blending optimization problem for a tire manufacture” and then ask it to reformulate the problem to introduce a penalty for waste of unused resources. Even in a toy problem, it becomes easy to how complexity grows quickly. A demand constraint in these sorts of problems can be the focus of an entire team.
Thanks for the discussion!
I agree. To expand on your thoughts, I would say that profitable factories are both focused and not spread thin, regardless of the SKU count. I think that is where a bit of the marvel in production/engineering ability of these huge companies comes from, at least for me.
Oh man the 3M scenario speaks to me...nothing compares to standing in Home Depot looking at the massive wall of adhesive tubes trying to figure out which one you need.
Focusing specifically on 3M and the like, bonding stuff, the thing is with the likes of 3M, Loctite & co if you need something for industrial use, for repeatability in a process, etc., there's a VERY good bet you'll find something suitable from such players. They are the go-to names and that's why it makes sense for them to offer so many SKUs. But it's still (somewhat) within one category. It's like a company offering 50 different pedal models based on the clip-in type mechanism, platform width, concave/convex flat pedals, magnetic variant, etc. etc., to cater to every need, but focus on that category. Because by doing that they became the go-to company for that product. At work we do not explore niche adhesive manufatuers, bearing manufacturers and the like too much, price savings would be on the order of cents on a multi euro product (small quantities) and the safety net of having a reliable supplier with a lot of supporting know-how doesn't make the saving worth it. TL;DR: If you're one far and few inbetween company providing a specific adhesive for a very specific case, nobody is going to find you and you won't have a market.
Counter point here, you can make a 'consumer' facing product in a similar category (WD-40), make a company around it and THEN diversify (as WD-40 is doing with bike products & co). But I'm not sure WD-40 is doing all that well outside their core product? So not neccessarily a counter point then?
Vital is going to need to have SKUs for all the off topic and sideways rants that happen.
The perception of volume is interesting here. For fun, here's some rough math, let me know if you think it's tracking.
The best estimate I could find on unit sales was ~140 million bikes sold globally per year. Wild guess, but let's assume 1% is high end mountain bikes, (1.4 mil). Next we can look at Vital's community survey (https://mtb.survey.vitalmedianet.com/?year=2024) and see rough market share of fork brands, so let's go with Fox and round it to 30% market share on OEM spec which equates to 420K forks annually. Now assume 260 working days in Taiwan per year for a production of roughly 1,615 forks per day. If Fox runs two shifts (16 hours) per day that's about 100 forks/hour.
Using the same logic for rims, 1.4mil bikes = 2.8 million oem spec mountain bike rims per year. If WR1 makes 20K/year that covers .7% of just the new bikes sold per year. Going back to the vital survey, another way to look at it is, 30% of people said they plan to buy a wheelset in 12 months and of that WR1 has 5% market share. This might be a stretch, but if we only use the new bike buyers and assume 30% them will upgrade rims that equates to 42K rims/year for WR1 to produce. So then the question becomes, can they produce ~160 rims per day? Assume an 8 hour work day so 20 rims/hour. I believe the cure time is 45mins to an hour so you have 20 molds tied up there, so at the same time you probably want 20 molds at layup, 20 at cleanup and 20 at inspection. Based on the video it looks entirely possible they could have ~80 molds in process at any one time.
Sorry for the nerd out, but do you think it's ballpark?
I don't have any info to comment on how many rims they may make per day/week/month/year, but it is worth noting that they make rims for other manufacturers too. I believe there are more, but they make some rims for Berd, and I9's carbon hoops (excluding the S-Series carbon stuff made by Reynolds) are made by WR1. Long story short, they aren't relying exclusively on the sales of their own branded product, but I have no idea how the sales avenues break down for them - though I'd assume it's pretty obvious that sales of their branded product bring in the most revenue/profit.
Very good stuff here. Quoting in the case you skimmed it the first time and didn't take the time to really read it. There is so much more to talk about with this single idea, but I fear we've reached the limit of what is reasonable with text. Maybe a group (therapy) style pod is on the horizon. LOL.
Keep it coming notanengineer - the whole point of this thread is to do exactly what you are doing.
only slapping this in here because of the topic of wages that came up. here's how much you can make in rural tennessee working at a massive gas station (saw it on the way to windrock). nearly quarter of a mil for experienced GM lol
That assistant food manager pay is WAY above the norm. Pretty much double what you’d expect at your average restaurant. Might have to keep an eye out for that listing if it’s near windrock!
The BucEee’s wage signs get shared pretty dang often by people I know in the bicycle industry.
It’s shameful how little margin is available to pay employees in the retail end of the bike bussiness.
anecdotally,
The number of newer shops that I’ve seen pop up that are organized as loss-leading tax dodges for wealthy folks still isn’t moving the needle upwards for wages in most markets. It’s painful seeing bussiness survive based on the concept of losing the “appropriate” amount of money every year when there are bike shops across town where ownership actually needs margin dollars to feed themselves.
It seems to me like many of these new shop owners that organize around losses got into the game back when Specialized and Trek were on a retail shop buying spree, and they were hoping for quick flips. Some other loss-leader shops seem to have real community building intentions- but there sure is a recent cadre of owners who literally can’t make money in this game…
Just an observation
how much is a big mac in that area?
Bucee’s is a a consumer cult that is all about buying branded merch with the beaver character on it. A Texas-based corporation, they have just expanded to the southeast in the last few years.
People who generally aren’t into consumerism(like the women who live in my house) somehow find Buceee’s merchandise to be hilarious. Swimsuits, hats, fleece blankets for every holiday- endless imported merchandise is the core of the Bucee’s phenomenon.
The $9 bbq sammiches are pretty decent for gas station fare though.
are the locations all corporate owned, or is it a franchise model?
ever heard of the big mac index? its pretty good to compare prices around the world. i can't compare the bbq sammich for 9$ with something local though. hence the question
Corporate. These stations usually have more than 100 gas pumps. Selling gas is a lot like selling complete bikes, no margins. Merch and to some extent foodservice is how they manage to pay workers.
In South Carolina, they actually closed a public rest area on i95 to make room for a bucee’s near myrtle beach.
crazy. they don't exist in my region. however on the PA turnpike i do see a sign that says "Buccees 500 miles"
There is a newer Buc-ee's in northern CO on I25 just south of Ft. Collins. Billboards for it start on I25 in northern New Mexico, four+ hours away. My experience stopping there is it's a madhouse, always packed, people trolling the parking lots to find an open space. Not sure I understand the appeal but it's got something the usual Flying J and Loves truck stops don't have. Back to the regular conversation here, which BTW is great, please keep it up.
received this via email, figure it's relevant here
https://www.tpl.org/resource/econmountainbiking - TPL and IMBA researched economic impact of MTB
Key Findings:
Mountain biking tourists spend an average of $416 per visit, contributing to local businesses like lodging, restaurants, and retail establishments
Spending-per-visit varies by trail location and type, but ranged from just over $100 to over $1,000 per visit
Mountain biking trails create employment opportunities: across the 13 locations included in the report, the trail networks generated up to 1,626 jobs and $54.1 million in labor income each year.
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