MTB Tech Rumors and Innovation

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10/30/2025 12:18pm
MTBrent wrote:
bearorso wrote:
Check out the Preston Petty No-Dive, from decades ago folks:There were quite a few variations of Torque Arm Anti Dive set ups tried in Motorcycling -...

Check out the Preston Petty No-Dive, from decades ago folks:

NO-DIVEImage 6NO-DIVE.jpg?VersionId=gYvcwQNO-DIVE-ROGER.jpg?VersionId=wNklUnVvHCtbq38ZippkLnI6BOOsD

There were quite a few variations of Torque Arm Anti Dive set ups tried in Motorcycling - predominantly Road Racing, plus, a some hydraulic set ups - a few of which reached production Motorcycle models. 

I've a couple of Preston's No-Dives, somewhere in my workshop, along with a few of his Fenders / Mudguards and his Headlights. 

All of the Anti Dive systems basically 'disappeared'.

I would love to ride this. You could make your fork soooo sensitive to small bumps and not have to worry about diving deep in stroke on steep loamy downhills when dragging front brake. The negative would be, how stiff does it resist when on the brakes, would it turn into a rigid fork?  Always pros and cons...

2
1
ebruner
Posts
370
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3/29/2018
Location
Tustin, CA US
10/30/2025 1:38pm Edited Date/Time 10/30/2025 1:40pm
Primoz wrote:
FWIW, modern F1 cars have quite a bit of anti-dive geometry in the front and anti-squat geometry in the rear, preventing the car from pitching back...

FWIW, modern F1 cars have quite a bit of anti-dive geometry in the front and anti-squat geometry in the rear, preventing the car from pitching back and forth during braking and accelerating to keep the aero platform (the underbody) as stable as possible and thus the downforce as consistent as possible.

The result of this is a lot less feedback to the driver (either way you cut it, any kind of movement or lean is a feedback on what the vehicle is doing) and some teams had and have a lot of problems with their drivers not being confident int he car and sometimes locking up the fronts very easily. Could some of this also apply to anti-dive setups for motorbikes and bicycles? So besides bringing some good stuff also bringing with them negatives?

F1 (and other highly aero dependent motorsports cars) are not a great example of suspension kinematics that will directly apply.  This is especially true in the current ground effect aero era of F1 as a lot of the performance aspects of the car are in order to maintain a floor/diffusor distance to the pavement.  That is so incredibly impactful of the performance of the current cars within the rule set, that it becomes the primary thing you optimize for, over and above mechanical grip.  You'd see slightly more similarities with motorsports engineering with lower power cars without significant aero that are laterally traction limited (not being aero dependent makes this last qualification redundant).

In addition to that, the biggest differentiator between cars and motorcycles is really the tire contact patch surface area.  This is obviously impactful under mechanical grip cornering from a design/technical data perspective.  From the driver's perspective, the most impactful thing is the amount of braking grip that can be generated.  If you've ever been on a street motorcycle and tried to stop as fast as the car in front of you, this may resonate.  

Mountain bikes are a strange dynamic.  With shifts/limits in traction and mechanical grip, and the fact that the payload out weighs the vehicle by so much and is incredibly dynamic, it is it's own beast of an engineering challenge.  

7
10/30/2025 2:42pm Edited Date/Time 10/30/2025 2:44pm
Primoz wrote:
FWIW, modern F1 cars have quite a bit of anti-dive geometry in the front and anti-squat geometry in the rear, preventing the car from pitching back...

FWIW, modern F1 cars have quite a bit of anti-dive geometry in the front and anti-squat geometry in the rear, preventing the car from pitching back and forth during braking and accelerating to keep the aero platform (the underbody) as stable as possible and thus the downforce as consistent as possible.

The result of this is a lot less feedback to the driver (either way you cut it, any kind of movement or lean is a feedback on what the vehicle is doing) and some teams had and have a lot of problems with their drivers not being confident int he car and sometimes locking up the fronts very easily. Could some of this also apply to anti-dive setups for motorbikes and bicycles? So besides bringing some good stuff also bringing with them negatives?

I would say that is pretty consistent with how I felt riding the Trust fork - I felt much more disconnected from the front wheel so it was hard to tell where in the travel I was (without looking at the data) but it always seemed to have much more consistent grip, especially pushing in to turns. Unfortunately there was less warning when that grip ran out, so it was a strange catch 22 that encouraged you to push harder but took that away without much notice!

Since someone else brought up f1 - I was going to say (mostly joking) someone should do a Williams FW14b style (actual) active suspension that raises and lowers the suspension at each end - not altering with the spring or damper, just increasing and decreasing the length with a moog valve or some other actuator to maintain a more level chassis under braking, relative to the amount of deceleration. Only about and inch up or down each way, but considering raising the bars 10mm makes quite big difference it wouldn't need much

 

*edit - kind of like the bionicon or maybe Kona magic link

3
10/30/2025 5:02pm
MTBrent wrote:
bearorso wrote:
Check out the Preston Petty No-Dive, from decades ago folks:There were quite a few variations of Torque Arm Anti Dive set ups tried in Motorcycling -...

Check out the Preston Petty No-Dive, from decades ago folks:

NO-DIVEImage 6NO-DIVE.jpg?VersionId=gYvcwQNO-DIVE-ROGER.jpg?VersionId=wNklUnVvHCtbq38ZippkLnI6BOOsD

There were quite a few variations of Torque Arm Anti Dive set ups tried in Motorcycling - predominantly Road Racing, plus, a some hydraulic set ups - a few of which reached production Motorcycle models. 

I've a couple of Preston's No-Dives, somewhere in my workshop, along with a few of his Fenders / Mudguards and his Headlights. 

All of the Anti Dive systems basically 'disappeared'.

IMG 4912.jpeg?VersionId=7sX
3
1
10/30/2025 11:07pm

 Interesting motor and battery placement on this ebike frame

IMG 8705
5
1
Ploutre
Posts
41
Joined
12/17/2012
Location
FR
10/30/2025 11:47pm
 Interesting motor and battery placement on this ebike frame

 Interesting motor and battery placement on this ebike frame

IMG 8705

That seems to be the Lapierre GLP4

5
2
loris_74
Posts
39
Joined
6/11/2012
Location
FR
10/30/2025 11:48pm Edited Date/Time 10/30/2025 11:52pm
 Interesting motor and battery placement on this ebike frame

 Interesting motor and battery placement on this ebike frame

IMG 8705

In my opinion it's just a regular Lapierre GLP3 without the plastic cover (probably for better cooling/heat dissipation) ?essai-test-vttae-lapierre-glp-III-GLP3-PROFIL-GAUCHE-2000x1333

Vincent Ledieu is working for Michelin, I don't think he is involved in Lapierre bikes development.

14
bearorso
Posts
6
Joined
10/26/2020
Location
EP, NSW AU
10/31/2025 12:54am Edited Date/Time 10/31/2025 12:59am
63expert wrote:
IMG 4912.jpeg?VersionId=7sX

That, is something Entirely different to a brake torque arm.

The Ribi Quadrilateral. 

Designed by Valentino Ribi in the 70s. So much more than a 'traditional'  Leading Link front end!

Tested - in part, - by Roger Decoster - He even did a few GPs on VRs original steel , twin shocked prototypes.

RN465-79SuzukiRibi.jpg.d54594aedf001397f513396606429ab3Decoster on  Ribi Link front ended RN370-400- LH side  %283%29

RD, persuaded Honda to buy the design / hire VR. 

And, they went hog wild on it - getting to the Single Shocked version in around 1982 : 

Ribi Front end on RC honda - with the linkage rear brake arm

They never went much past that. 

Just another design bought by a massive company, and , ultimately shelved. Though, quite a few other (small)  companies, such as Cheney, made their versions of them: 

Cheney TT500 with Ribi Forks .jpg?VersionId=jMY

 And, many other enthusiasts have made their own, 

Don't get me wrong, I'm quite the fan of the Ribi Quadrilateral - and, 'Funny Front Ends' in general. Made a few myself, liked them, but, still use those "Engineering Abominations"  = Telescopic Forks. Though, I will be putting on my version of a leading link / Ribi front end on a 2t /4t hybrid I intend to use in Vintage and Veteran racing.

But, there's an enormous amount of pivots / bearings, even with the single shock Works Honda version pictured  above - I think at the very least, with that Single Shocked version, 18. That's a Lot of wear points, and 'slop' issues to deal with. Hey, go into a MC store, and check the rear end on a linkaged MXer / Offroader - well, any type of bike . You'll probably find a bit of linkage slop, on a fair few of the brand new bikes in the store. 

Heck, even a brand new PDS system can have it - even with the very best bearings available.  I changed my linkaged 500 to PDS (because I love the PDS system  with an Ohlins TTX shock, in my riding environment, and, I Can, being a  'maker' of 'things') and even that has a bit of 'slop'. 

Something of note : a steering head mounted Linkage system, also has a hell of a lot of 'stuff', out from the pivot point, far  more so than Triple Clamps and Telescopic forks. And that, brings it's own problems.

It's been an oft said thing, by Engineers when it comes to the non acceptance of their 'Funny Front Ends ' - they need the people that have been riding on Telescopic Front Ends, to die off, so their 'solutions' will become the norm ............

5
1
10/31/2025 1:13am
Ploutre wrote:

That seems to be the Lapierre GLP4

They're not doing a 4 unfortunately. The glp3 is a real hidden gem, best riding e bike ever made but I think they're only going forward with regular overvolts now the E-EDR is gone.

1
3
Primoz
Posts
4617
Joined
8/1/2009
Location
SI
10/31/2025 1:21am
Primoz wrote:
FWIW, modern F1 cars have quite a bit of anti-dive geometry in the front and anti-squat geometry in the rear, preventing the car from pitching back...

FWIW, modern F1 cars have quite a bit of anti-dive geometry in the front and anti-squat geometry in the rear, preventing the car from pitching back and forth during braking and accelerating to keep the aero platform (the underbody) as stable as possible and thus the downforce as consistent as possible.

The result of this is a lot less feedback to the driver (either way you cut it, any kind of movement or lean is a feedback on what the vehicle is doing) and some teams had and have a lot of problems with their drivers not being confident int he car and sometimes locking up the fronts very easily. Could some of this also apply to anti-dive setups for motorbikes and bicycles? So besides bringing some good stuff also bringing with them negatives?

ebruner wrote:
F1 (and other highly aero dependent motorsports cars) are not a great example of suspension kinematics that will directly apply.  This is especially true in the...

F1 (and other highly aero dependent motorsports cars) are not a great example of suspension kinematics that will directly apply.  This is especially true in the current ground effect aero era of F1 as a lot of the performance aspects of the car are in order to maintain a floor/diffusor distance to the pavement.  That is so incredibly impactful of the performance of the current cars within the rule set, that it becomes the primary thing you optimize for, over and above mechanical grip.  You'd see slightly more similarities with motorsports engineering with lower power cars without significant aero that are laterally traction limited (not being aero dependent makes this last qualification redundant).

In addition to that, the biggest differentiator between cars and motorcycles is really the tire contact patch surface area.  This is obviously impactful under mechanical grip cornering from a design/technical data perspective.  From the driver's perspective, the most impactful thing is the amount of braking grip that can be generated.  If you've ever been on a street motorcycle and tried to stop as fast as the car in front of you, this may resonate.  

Mountain bikes are a strange dynamic.  With shifts/limits in traction and mechanical grip, and the fact that the payload out weighs the vehicle by so much and is incredibly dynamic, it is it's own beast of an engineering challenge.  

I know and wrote why F1 cars have antidive and antisquat, I fully understand it. The point I was trying to make is how it affects the driver and the confidence he (she) has, not the effects on driving/riding dynamics.

As the last few pages have shown, there have been A LOT of anti-dive front end solutions in MTB alone, let alone motor bikes. If it actually gave a meaningful advantage without any or at least without big drawbacks, they would for sure be the norm at least in high end racing if not general riding too. But they haven't. There has to be a reason for that and that reason can not be only the 'looks'. Even more so, looks can quickly be turned around if the guy on a weird thing starts winning everything - everybody will want that.

@TheSuspensionLabNZ touched on the issues with the Trust, @bearorso gives some good points with pivot slop (could be solved woth some preload, but that will add friction and thus harshness), etc. Sure, MTBs are not the same as MX bikes, bikes in general are not the same as cars, but all these tries at basically the same thing and all of them failing have to have a reason behind them? THAT's the thing I was trying to point out.

1
Eoin
Posts
382
Joined
3/6/2015
Location
FR
Fantasy
10/31/2025 1:23am
 Interesting motor and battery placement on this ebike frame

 Interesting motor and battery placement on this ebike frame

IMG 8705
loris_74 wrote:
In my opinion it's just a regular Lapierre GLP3 without the plastic cover (probably for better cooling/heat dissipation) ?Vincent Ledieu is working for Michelin, I don't...

In my opinion it's just a regular Lapierre GLP3 without the plastic cover (probably for better cooling/heat dissipation) ?essai-test-vttae-lapierre-glp-III-GLP3-PROFIL-GAUCHE-2000x1333

Vincent Ledieu is working for Michelin, I don't think he is involved in Lapierre bikes development.

That's a GLP3 with the AVS motor protection:  https://www.avs-racing.com/components/com_jshopping/files/img_products/Lapierre-GLP3-Sabot-aluminium-3.jpg

Have a few friends that own that bike and love it, frame is quite fragile though, a crash can easily lead to frame damage. No Bosch gen 5 version so far.

2
1
10/31/2025 7:03am

Atherton will release an eBike, according to the ride companion podcast with Gee Atherton.

5
chriskief
Posts
770
Joined
4/15/2017
Location
New York, NY US
Fantasy
10/31/2025 7:10am
manny.bike wrote:

Atherton will release an eBike, according to the ride companion podcast with Gee Atherton.

Yup... spring 2026... aluminum, full power.

3
10/31/2025 8:34am
Evil96 wrote:

https://www.instagram.com/p/DQcWQJqgf3o/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link
Starting to make me question if we've been trolled and it's an e-bike...

linden44 wrote:

What about that post makes you think it's an e-bike?

The up, down, repeat message I'm getting from emoji part kinda makes me think ebike..

3
10/31/2025 9:24am Edited Date/Time 10/31/2025 9:29am

Priority just released the Vanth—165mm rear/170mm fork enduro gearbox bike. $5,999 starting price, three sizes, alloy front, carbon rear, Pinion Smart.Shift. 

We just got one in for testing. The bike will begin shipping January 16th, so look for a complete review around that time. 

Priority Bicycles Vanth Detail-0.jpg?VersionId=eJvvnFiNT.eg8kMJ

- Aluminum front triangle with a carbon rear end
- 165mm rear wheel travel // 170mm fork
- Stillpoint High Pivot suspension
- 9-speed Pinion Smart.Shift electronic gearbox
- Gates CDX carbon belt
- 64° head tube angle
- Three sizes: S1 (440mm reach), S2 (475mm reach), S3 (510mm reach)
- Weight (size S3): 39.2 lb (17.78 kg)
- Build kits: Performance Elite - $5,999 | Factory - $6,799 | Podium - $7,999
- Available beginning January 16th, 2025
- prioritybicycles.com

 

12
lickmycrinkle
Posts
223
Joined
1/27/2021
Location
Beverly Hills, CA US
10/31/2025 10:00am
Priority just released the Vanth—165mm rear/170mm fork enduro gearbox bike. $5,999 starting price, three sizes, alloy front, carbon rear, Pinion Smart.Shift. We just got one in...

Priority just released the Vanth—165mm rear/170mm fork enduro gearbox bike. $5,999 starting price, three sizes, alloy front, carbon rear, Pinion Smart.Shift. 

We just got one in for testing. The bike will begin shipping January 16th, so look for a complete review around that time. 

Priority Bicycles Vanth Detail-0.jpg?VersionId=eJvvnFiNT.eg8kMJ

- Aluminum front triangle with a carbon rear end
- 165mm rear wheel travel // 170mm fork
- Stillpoint High Pivot suspension
- 9-speed Pinion Smart.Shift electronic gearbox
- Gates CDX carbon belt
- 64° head tube angle
- Three sizes: S1 (440mm reach), S2 (475mm reach), S3 (510mm reach)
- Weight (size S3): 39.2 lb (17.78 kg)
- Build kits: Performance Elite - $5,999 | Factory - $6,799 | Podium - $7,999
- Available beginning January 16th, 2025
- prioritybicycles.com

 

Can you satisfy my curiosity before the full review by telling me how floppy the rear wheel feels?

It looks like it will corkscrew itself if you even suggest a corner to it.

2
10/31/2025 10:01am
Priority just released the Vanth—165mm rear/170mm fork enduro gearbox bike. $5,999 starting price, three sizes, alloy front, carbon rear, Pinion Smart.Shift. We just got one in...

Priority just released the Vanth—165mm rear/170mm fork enduro gearbox bike. $5,999 starting price, three sizes, alloy front, carbon rear, Pinion Smart.Shift. 

We just got one in for testing. The bike will begin shipping January 16th, so look for a complete review around that time. 

Priority Bicycles Vanth Detail-0.jpg?VersionId=eJvvnFiNT.eg8kMJ

- Aluminum front triangle with a carbon rear end
- 165mm rear wheel travel // 170mm fork
- Stillpoint High Pivot suspension
- 9-speed Pinion Smart.Shift electronic gearbox
- Gates CDX carbon belt
- 64° head tube angle
- Three sizes: S1 (440mm reach), S2 (475mm reach), S3 (510mm reach)
- Weight (size S3): 39.2 lb (17.78 kg)
- Build kits: Performance Elite - $5,999 | Factory - $6,799 | Podium - $7,999
- Available beginning January 16th, 2025
- prioritybicycles.com

 

If you wanna send that my way, it ticks a lot of boxes on the things I want to try list...

1
linden44
Posts
5
Joined
7/24/2020
Location
Petoskey, MI US
10/31/2025 11:12am
Evil96 wrote:

https://www.instagram.com/p/DQcWQJqgf3o/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link
Starting to make me question if we've been trolled and it's an e-bike...

linden44 wrote:

What about that post makes you think it's an e-bike?

The up, down, repeat message I'm getting from emoji part kinda makes me think ebike..

Haven't heard a peep in here about a new Evil e-bike, but we have spy shots and even geo of the new Offering. I would bet a lot of money on that being the bike they're teasing.

2
TEAMROBOT
Posts
1462
Joined
9/2/2009
Location
Los Angeles, CA US
Fantasy
10/31/2025 11:29am Edited Date/Time 10/31/2025 12:33pm
bearorso wrote:
That, is something Entirely different to a brake torque arm.The Ribi Quadrilateral. Designed by Valentino Ribi in the 70s. So much more than a 'traditional'  Leading Link...

That, is something Entirely different to a brake torque arm.

The Ribi Quadrilateral. 

Designed by Valentino Ribi in the 70s. So much more than a 'traditional'  Leading Link front end!

Tested - in part, - by Roger Decoster - He even did a few GPs on VRs original steel , twin shocked prototypes.

RN465-79SuzukiRibi.jpg.d54594aedf001397f513396606429ab3Decoster on  Ribi Link front ended RN370-400- LH side  %283%29

RD, persuaded Honda to buy the design / hire VR. 

And, they went hog wild on it - getting to the Single Shocked version in around 1982 : 

Ribi Front end on RC honda - with the linkage rear brake arm

They never went much past that. 

Just another design bought by a massive company, and , ultimately shelved. Though, quite a few other (small)  companies, such as Cheney, made their versions of them: 

Cheney TT500 with Ribi Forks .jpg?VersionId=jMY

 And, many other enthusiasts have made their own, 

Don't get me wrong, I'm quite the fan of the Ribi Quadrilateral - and, 'Funny Front Ends' in general. Made a few myself, liked them, but, still use those "Engineering Abominations"  = Telescopic Forks. Though, I will be putting on my version of a leading link / Ribi front end on a 2t /4t hybrid I intend to use in Vintage and Veteran racing.

But, there's an enormous amount of pivots / bearings, even with the single shock Works Honda version pictured  above - I think at the very least, with that Single Shocked version, 18. That's a Lot of wear points, and 'slop' issues to deal with. Hey, go into a MC store, and check the rear end on a linkaged MXer / Offroader - well, any type of bike . You'll probably find a bit of linkage slop, on a fair few of the brand new bikes in the store. 

Heck, even a brand new PDS system can have it - even with the very best bearings available.  I changed my linkaged 500 to PDS (because I love the PDS system  with an Ohlins TTX shock, in my riding environment, and, I Can, being a  'maker' of 'things') and even that has a bit of 'slop'. 

Something of note : a steering head mounted Linkage system, also has a hell of a lot of 'stuff', out from the pivot point, far  more so than Triple Clamps and Telescopic forks. And that, brings it's own problems.

It's been an oft said thing, by Engineers when it comes to the non acceptance of their 'Funny Front Ends ' - they need the people that have been riding on Telescopic Front Ends, to die off, so their 'solutions' will become the norm ............

Thanks for the comprehensive history lesson. Didn't know DeCoster raced one! 

As someone who's apparently ridden a lot of different "funny front ends," can you speak to what they felt like as a rider on the track or trail? Specifically, I'm curious about three performance traits across the various iterations you've ridden- the feel of anti-dive braking, the effect of non-telescopic axle path on steering and bump absorption when you're not braking, and the feelings resulting from packaging/execution (i.e. bearing slop, excess front end weight, weird spring or damper curves, etc).

I've heard a lot of rider impressions from the recent Trust MTB fork and from the early MTB linkage forks from the 90's (which were universally awful, like all forks from the 90's), but it seems like the moto side of things has a lot more experience with "funny front ends" over the span of decades, and probably has honed in one some of the better traits while working out the kinks on the worst traits. I'm beyond curious what that has translated to in terms of rider feel on a moto.

1
Evil96
Posts
819
Joined
8/21/2014
Location
Portogruaro, VE IT
10/31/2025 11:38am
linden44 wrote:

What about that post makes you think it's an e-bike?

The up, down, repeat message I'm getting from emoji part kinda makes me think ebike..

linden44 wrote:
Haven't heard a peep in here about a new Evil e-bike, but we have spy shots and even geo of the new Offering. I would bet...

Haven't heard a peep in here about a new Evil e-bike, but we have spy shots and even geo of the new Offering. I would bet a lot of money on that being the bike they're teasing.

can you send me a dm with the geo?

linden44
Posts
5
Joined
7/24/2020
Location
Petoskey, MI US
10/31/2025 12:00pm

The up, down, repeat message I'm getting from emoji part kinda makes me think ebike..

linden44 wrote:
Haven't heard a peep in here about a new Evil e-bike, but we have spy shots and even geo of the new Offering. I would bet...

Haven't heard a peep in here about a new Evil e-bike, but we have spy shots and even geo of the new Offering. I would bet a lot of money on that being the bike they're teasing.

Evil96 wrote:

can you send me a dm with the geo?

I have no connections or inside info, just what I read on page 983. Go check it out, the travel and geo are discussed in a couple posts.

1
yzedf
Posts
256
Joined
1/27/2015
Location
Hebron, CT US
Fantasy
10/31/2025 12:50pm
Can you satisfy my curiosity before the full review by telling me how floppy the rear wheel feels?It looks like it will corkscrew itself if you...

Can you satisfy my curiosity before the full review by telling me how floppy the rear wheel feels?

It looks like it will corkscrew itself if you even suggest a corner to it.

There is a short review on YouTube by QuarterHP with Remi Gauvin riding it. It’s heavy. It’s not fast on the pedals. 

https://youtu.be/UJkPzhZouNs

5
Dave_Camp
Posts
462
Joined
8/25/2009
Location
CO US
10/31/2025 6:09pm Edited Date/Time 10/31/2025 6:11pm

Linkage forks will never work. They look stupid and can’t be made cheap or light.  

I’ve been drinking come at me haha

49
10/31/2025 6:47pm
Dave_Camp wrote:

Linkage forks will never work. They look stupid and can’t be made cheap or light.  

I’ve been drinking come at me haha

I've just cracked open my first of the evening and I'm finding it hard to fault the logic..

9
11/1/2025 5:33am
Dave_Camp wrote:

Linkage forks will never work. They look stupid and can’t be made cheap or light.  

I’ve been drinking come at me haha

I kind of like the idea of a dual swingarm xc machine.  I admit it’s probably a bad idea on the other hand.

1
11/1/2025 6:58am
Dave_Camp wrote:

Linkage forks will never work. They look stupid and can’t be made cheap or light.  

I’ve been drinking come at me haha

I kind of like the idea of a dual swingarm xc machine.  I admit it’s probably a bad idea on the other hand.

Given that most XC riders are concerned about weight, it would have to offer a very significant advantage...

4
11/1/2025 8:25am

I’ve been reading about the death of the telescopic fork for nearly five decades. Got to put a few miles on a GTS1000. It was cool, but not worth the complexity. IMG 4922.jpeg?VersionId=gh9tdeXuou9bh1oicrBP3h2rg

7
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