Not a 1:1 analogy, but in terms of " virtual fragmentation with arbitrary distinctions between products," that was GM's bread and butter for 75+ years. Cadillac, Buick, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, and Chevrolet were almost identical vehicles with minor part and trim changes to make people feel like they were buying into an entirely different brand. So that method works:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors_companion_make_program Now, on the one hand, you could say that's what every bike company does with trim levels (i.e. SLX, XT, XTR) but I think GM was doing something sneakier than that. The whole brand and product name changed. More like PON's...