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I've encountered this scenario numerous times. Modern 12-speed derailleurs have less margin for error than older systems. The damage can be subtle enough that it isn't obviously visible, yet still sufficient to prevent proper shifting. If your other derailleur is working better, that's more evidence pointing to a damaged derailleur.

It requires a very specific tool that threads into the hanger with an arm going out to the rim so that you can measure the distance to the rim in several locations around the wheel. So it also requires that the wheel be very straight before it is measured. They're fairly expensive, so I'd recommend a trip to your LBS.

E-bike cable tourism is notorious for friction, it’s worth checking. You also should check hanger for alignment, a new hanger is not the same as a properly aligned hanger, and often the hanger will need tweaking to account for frame tolerances etc. set is up is right, things aren’t worn, and the hanger is straight, then cable routing is next stop.

A few things I have not seen mentioned that may be worth considering, just to further understand this problem, as its something pros even had to deal with in their lifetime. Grip texturing, this can cause your gloves to bunch up a lot. At least it did for me. I found if I wore gloves I needed pronounced ridging for my glove to have good traction/grip. But this caused bunching. So if I went smooth gripped, I had less grip/traction with gloves. I settled on good smooth rubber and no gloves. More dangerous but I like my goldilocks setup. Everyone...